Euphorbia balsamifera | Sweet spurge
€26,50
🌱 Morphology
It looks like a small tree shaped by the wind: a network of twisted branches that opens up from the base to form a rounded crown, silver-gray when it loses its leaves and blue-green when the buds are covered in them. In specimens growing exposed to the wind, it can adopt an almost creeping form, while in sheltered places it can become a shrub several meters tall. It is an Euphorbia with a gentle appearance, but a small wound is enough to reveal the white latex that circulates through its tissues.
It is a succulent and woody shrub, heavily branched from the base, generally about 1 m tall, although it can reach 3–4 m under favorable conditions. The older branches develop a grayish or silvery bark, while the young ones are green or reddish-brown and are marked by the transverse scars of fallen leaves. The leaves are glaucous, sessile, oblong to oblanceolate or spatulate, about 2–4 cm long, and are concentrated in false rosettes at the ends of the stems. They are deciduous or semi-persistent depending on environmental conditions and may disappear during dry periods. It has no thorns.
🌍 Distribution, habitat, and family
Its natural range includes the Canary Islands, western Morocco, and the Western Sahara. In the Canaries, it is present on the seven main islands and characterizes the tabaibal dulce communities, especially in coastal and low-lying, dry, and wind-exposed areas. It grows on arid and stony terrain, from areas near sea level to the mid-altitudes. It belongs to the Euphorbiaceae family.
❄️ Temperature — USDA Zone 9b–11b
It tolerates minimum temperatures down to −4 ºC if it is completely dry, acclimated, and for short periods. Its Canarian origin explains its good adaptation to mild temperatures and drought, but prolonged frosts, especially when accompanied by humidity, can cause damage.
☀️ Lighting
It needs very intense lighting, with an approximate goal of 18–25 mol/m²/day of DLI PAR during active growth. It perfectly tolerates direct sun and, in fact, high exposure favors compact growth and good branching. In shaded conditions, it may develop a taller and more open habit.
💧 Growth cycle and watering
Winter dormancy. During the growth period, it is recommended to water abundantly and allow the substrate to dry completely before watering again. During periods of drought, it may lose most of its leaves and remain practically bare, thus reducing transpiration. In autumn, watering is progressively reduced, and during winter, it is kept with very sparse waterings. In spring, with rising temperatures and the appearance of new leaves, watering is gradually resumed.
🌸 Flowering
The small cyathia appear solitary at the ends of the branches and measure approximately 6 mm in diameter. The five nectar glands are yellow, and the floral structures have a greenish-yellow hue. In the Canaries, it flowers and fruits mainly from late autumn to spring. The fruits are globose capsules a little over 1 cm in diameter, generally reddish or yellowish, divided into three slightly marked lobes. Upon ripening, they can open violently and launch the seeds a distance away.
🌿 Nutrition
During the active growth period, a fertilizer specific for succulents is recommended, with a high content of assimilable calcium, such as Desert CHOICE® Succulents, applied once a month when watering.
This is an inimitable xerophyte grown in Madrid in a technological square pot and with the substrate activated with mycorrhizal fungi and biofungicides.
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